• LIST THE PRINCIPLES OF CROSS INFECTION
1. Cross infection is the transmission of micro- organism from one person to another.
2. Cross infection is common, many organism can be found such as scabies, lice, fungus, pinwork, round worms and ring worms.
3. Cross infection is caused by bacteria living on our bodies , without appropriate cleanness a individual can become sick.
4. Cross infection ( bacteria)- transfers from our body to our clothing and multiplies if left untreated.
5. Cross infection can be transferred indirectly or directly.
6. Indirect cross infection are transferred through a source to high risk bacteria via work surface, hands, equipment and clothes.
7. Direct cross infection occurs by the source touching high risk bacteria.
8. 4 source which allow bacteria to flourish is food, equipment, people and work surface.
9. Cross infection is more prone on chopping boards because often bacteria gets into cracks and crevices.
10. Cross infection can be controlled through a individual being very attentive to their personal hygiene. This means washing hands in warm water for 15 seconds and cleaning utensils thoroughly.
• RESEARCH THE ISSUES CONCERNING THE SPREAD OF HIV, AIDS AND HEPATITIS
The human immunodeficiency virus otherwise known as HIV attacks the body’s immune system . It destroys cells called CD4 that are responsible for fighting infections. This eventually increases the risk of a person developing serious disease, infection, such as cancer. Those diagnosis with HIV develops a long- lasting enlargement of the lymph glands, illness associated with HIV are fever and night sweat.
The HIV is transmitted through the exchange of bodily fluids; this is mostly through having unprotected ***. In men HIV lives in the semen, therefore when a man ejaculates into women/man runs the risk of infecting their sexual partner.
The virus can be found in a women’s vaginal fluid and in transferred to a mothers unborn child through the placenta and umbilical. Pregnant women can take antiretroviral drugs to reduce the possibility of the baby getting the virus, or having a emergency caesarean section. Studies show that HIV women who breast feed their young can also past on the virus due to the milk being infected.
People who share needles are also at high risk of catching HIV due to the needles shared being contaminated with infected blood. It is for these reason that tattoo, piercing shops have to take appropriate caution and cleanses equipment appropriately.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS) is a term used to describe the late stage of HIV. It occurs when the immune system completely stops working. This can be absolute disaster for patients, as it means the person later develops a life threatening condition such as pneumonia.
Hepatitis occurs when the liver starts to swell, it can be caused by certain drugs, alcohol, toxin or even a viral infection. There are 5 types of hepatitis known as hepatitis A,B,C,D,E.
Hepatitis A is known to affect the liver, it is associated with poor personal hygiene and sewage. It is transferred through a person putting something in their mouth which has been contaminated with faeces. The symptoms included abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, pale faeces, fever, fatigue followed by jaundice. These symptoms can be found in all forms of hepatitis’s
Hepatitis B differs to hepatitis A in the aspect that it spreads just like HIV, through bodily fluids such as blood, saliva, semen ,needle sharing and vaginal fluids.
Hepatitis C comes into contact through blood contact only, the most common cause for Hepatitts C is through individuals sharing infected needle.
Hepatitis D is only present through a person who already infected with hepatitis B , it is transmitted through bodily fluids ,sexual intercourse
Althrough Hepatitis E is extremely rare in the uk it can be caught by putting a object/ food into their mouth which has come into contact with a person faeces ,who happens to have Hepatitis B.
• EXPLAIN HOW THESE ISSUES RELATE TO YOUR SETTING
Good hygiene is paramount in a child residential setting; it helps reduce the risk of cross infection between children and adults. It also helps children develop good hygiene habits that they can use throughout their life.
When coming into contact with bodily fluids including mucus, vomit, blood or sweat . I have to follow health and safety procedures which are to wear gloves because it acts as a protective barrier against any potential infection. I also have to wash my hands with warm water and squirt liquid soap onto the palm of my hands before preparing meals. In cases whereby a child has a cold they are encouraged to cover their mouth whilst coughing or sneezing to prevent any bacteria/ virus’s spreading further.
In terms of sanitation bins they are regularly emptied by staff but young people are encouraged to empty their personal sanitation. It is however our duty to ensure that this has been carried out, staff will dispose clinical waste in special yellow bins.
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LIST THE PRINCIPLES OF CROSS INFECTION
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