Slight variation on the question but...
Influences on Behaviour
Optional Route A: TDA3.20 AC1.3, 1.4
Optional Route D: TDA3.23 1.3
Explain the psychological and psychiatric disorders affecting children and young people and how they may impact on the way in which they relate to others
Psychological disorders such as PDA (Pathological Demand Avoidance) covers a large spectrum of a hidden disability. Not everyone will have all of the characteristics and no two children will be the same. PDA includes characteristics including:
• Resisting demands obsessively – procrastinating, distracting the person ‘making demands’, negotiating, withdrawing, physical and/or verbal outbursts
• Controlling and dominating behaviour (especially when stressed/anxious)
• Appearing sociable but it can be act modelling what they have seen or done that gets the reaction he/she wants
• Excessive mood swings
• Language delay
• Obsessive behaviour
• Sensory sensitivities
PDA can affect a child’s behaviour and relationships with their family, friends, related professionals and peers in the many ways. It can make the child/young person unpopular, difficult to form solid friendships and relationships, they could get bullied or seem to others that too many allowances are being made for them. They will have great difficulty sharing and taking turns and understanding why this is necessary.
Psychiatric disorders such as Tourette’s Syndrome can affect a child’s behaviour and relationships with their family, friends, related professionals and peers in the following ways:
• Vocal tics and physical tics – can be off-putting to peers, embarrassing and exhausting for the child him/herself
• Coprolalia – spontaneous verbal outbursts (usually inappropriate and socially unacceptable). This could isolate them from their peers, and also single them out for unwanted attention
• Echolalia – repeating phrases people have said, this can annoy a peer as they think they are being mocked
• A large percentage of children and young people with Tourette’s Syndrome will also have an additional difficulty/disability. The most likely being ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) or OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) which come with additional difficulties in how they relate to others
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